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The medicinal part of Aucklandia lappa (Asteraceae) is its dried root, which is one of the commonly used Chinese medicinal materials. Here we reviewed sesquiterpene lactones isolated from A. lappa over the past ten years in the following aspects of pharmacological activities, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, structure–activity relationship. Pharmacological activities consist of anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-immunity activity, anti-oxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, spasmolytic activity and so on. The extractive, showing similar pharmacokinetics parameters, may exert their various biological activities by the interaction of their α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone moiety with the thiol groups of biomacromolecules through Michael-addition. However, the poor aqueous solubility, non-selective binding as a Michael acceptor at undesired targets limited clinical translation of this class. In order to evaluate the potential effect of the extractive applied in clinical trial, the present review outlines information on pharmacological activities, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, and structure–activity relationship, as well as the future research directions of the extractive for further development and utilization of A. lappa.
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Objective To analyze the use of proton pump inhibitors( PPIs) in the perioperative period of Zhoushan Hospital,thus to make appropriate management regulations for the clinical application of PPIs. Methods From September 2016 to October 2016,the use of PPIs in 614 surgical patients of Zhoushan Hospital were statistically analyzed. The rationality of the indications,drug use,drug administration,dosage,time,course of treatment,combined medication were analyzed. Results In 614 cases,there were 341 reasonable,unreasonable 273,the failure rate was 44. 46% (273/614). The main manifestations in the non indication of medication and medication course of treatment was too long. Conclusion There are many unreasonable phenomena in the course of clinical use of PPIs. Hospital and clinical pharmacists should strengthen supervision and management of the use of PPIs.
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Objective To explore the activate process of lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) triggered by chemokine under shear stresses. Methods Jurkat cells were perfused over ICAM-1 in the parallel-plate flow under 10-30 mPa shear stresses. The effects of soluble and immobilized Chemokines on transient adhesion behavior of Jurkat cells were observed and analyzed to obtain their tether characteristics. Results The immobilized CXCL12 could mediate brief tether (0.13-0.2 s) of Jurkat cells under flow. Only immobilized CXCL12 could effectively activate LFA-1 on Jurkat cells to bind ICAM-1, and then enhance cell adhesion fraction and greatly prolong the tether time (0.8-1.2 s). Two distinct activation states of LFA-1/ICAM-1 were reflected by their dissociation rate k1 (1.09-1.24 s-1) and k2 (0.28-0.7 s-1), respectively. The shear stress would affect the transient adhesion behavior of cells through regulation of k2 and β (the contribution ratio of high affinity to total tether time). Conclusions Shear stress can rapidly trigger LFA-1 activation in 0.2 s through G protein coupled receptors induced by chemokine CXCL12, and further regulate the whole adhesion process of leukocyte. These research findings will contribute to further understanding the integrin activation mechanism of chemokine-force cooperative regulation.
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Objective To explore the activate process of lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) triggered by chemokine under shear stresses.Methods Jurkat cells were perfused over ICAM-1 in the parallel-plate flow under 10-30 mPa shear stresses.The effects of soluble and immobilized Chemokines on transient adhesion behavior of Jurkat cells were observed and analyzed to obtain their tether characteristics.Results The immobilized CXCL12 could mediate brief tether (0.13-0.2 s) of Jurkat cells under flow.Only immobilized CXCL12 could effectively activate LFA-1 on Jurkat cells to bind ICAM-1,and then enhance cell adhesion fraction and greatly prolong the tether time (0.8-1.2 s).Two distinct activation states of LFA-1/ICAM-1 were reflected by their dissociation rate k1 (1.09-1.24 s-1) and k2 (0.28-0.7 s-1),respectively.The shear stress would affect the transient adhesion behavior of cells through regulation of k2 andβ (the contribution ratio of high affinity to total tether time).Conclusions Shear stress can rapidly trigger LFA-1 activation in 0.2 s through G protein coupled receptors induced by chemokine CXCL12,and further regulate the whole adhesion process of leukocyte.These research findings will contribute to further understanding the integrin activation mechanism of chemokine-force cooperative regulation.
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We explored the status of Babesia infection in natural hosts in Fujian Province.Rodents in Fujian Province were captured by the night trapping method during 2014-2016.Heart blood samples were collected.At the same time blood samples of ox,goats and dogs were also collected,from which the fragments of 18S rRNA gene of Babesia were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Data on infection rate were analyzed with Chi-square or Fisher exact test to indicate statistical significance.Results showed that 5 917 cages were laid and 381 rodents were captured,density of rodent was 6.44％.The o verall Babesia infection rate in rodents was 7.61％,while infection rate in domesticated rodents was 1.68％,and the infection rate in wide rodents was 12.87％.The infection rate was higher in wild rodents than that in domesticated rodents,and the statistical analysis result revealed a significant difference.The infection rates in region of Central Fujian and Eastern Fujian was high,and no infection was found in Southern Fujian region.The statistical analysis result revealed a significant difference in infection rate among different regions.The infection rate of goats and dogs were determined to be 1.79 ％ and 0.55 ％,and no infection was found in ox.The infection rate was higher in rodents than that in other host animals,and the statistical analysis result revealed a significant difference.It is suggested that the rodents,especially the wide rodents are the main natural hosts of Babesia.
ABSTRACT
We explored the status of Babesia infection in natural hosts in Fujian Province.Rodents in Fujian Province were captured by the night trapping method during 2014-2016.Heart blood samples were collected.At the same time blood samples of ox,goats and dogs were also collected,from which the fragments of 18S rRNA gene of Babesia were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Data on infection rate were analyzed with Chi-square or Fisher exact test to indicate statistical significance.Results showed that 5 917 cages were laid and 381 rodents were captured,density of rodent was 6.44％.The o verall Babesia infection rate in rodents was 7.61％,while infection rate in domesticated rodents was 1.68％,and the infection rate in wide rodents was 12.87％.The infection rate was higher in wild rodents than that in domesticated rodents,and the statistical analysis result revealed a significant difference.The infection rates in region of Central Fujian and Eastern Fujian was high,and no infection was found in Southern Fujian region.The statistical analysis result revealed a significant difference in infection rate among different regions.The infection rate of goats and dogs were determined to be 1.79 ％ and 0.55 ％,and no infection was found in ox.The infection rate was higher in rodents than that in other host animals,and the statistical analysis result revealed a significant difference.It is suggested that the rodents,especially the wide rodents are the main natural hosts of Babesia.
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In order to clarify the chemical constituents in Yangxue Qingnao granule, we established a rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography/orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLCQ- TOF/MSE) method. According to the high resolution MS spectra data, fragmentation ion information and retention time, 142 peaks were identified or tentatively presumed by comparison with reference standards data and literature reports. The herbal sources of these peaks were assigned. The results implied that phenolic acids, alkaloids, anthraquinones, phthalides, monoterpene glycosides were included in the main components of Yangxue Qingnao granule. The method is rapid for systematically elucidation of the constituents of Yangxue Qingnao granule and the results would facilitate the quality control of Yangxue Qingnao granule for safe and efficacious use.
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<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate the water-soluble phenolic glycosides from the whole plant of Bulbophyllum odoratissimum.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Column chromatography techniques were used to isolate the chemical constituents, physico-chemical constants and spectroscopic analysis were employed for structural elucidation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Bulbophyllinoside (1), a new phenolic glycoside and three known compounds were isolated from the whole plant of Bulbophyllum odoratissimum Lindl. Their structures were determined as 3-hydroxyphenethyl alcohol 4-O-( 6'-O-beta-apiofuranosyl) -beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), 3-methoxyphenethyl alcohol 4-O-beta-D-glucopynanoside (2), 3, 5-dimethoxyphenethyl alcohol 4-O-alpha-D-glucopynanoside (3) and syringin (4).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Bulbophyllinoside (1) is a new compound.</p>
Subject(s)
Glucosides , Chemistry , Glycosides , Chemistry , Molecular Structure , Orchidaceae , Chemistry , Phenols , Chemistry , Phenylpropionates , Chemistry , Solubility , Water , ChemistryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyse the related epidemic factors of rabies and to provide basic evidence for developing rabies control and prevention programs in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Possible factors that causing rabies epidemics in the southern part of China were obtained through collecting both epidemic and surveillance data of rabies in 2005, and to analyse every factor by software of Excel 2002.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The number of rabies cases was 2548 in 2005. Among 885 cases being investigated, 60.56%, 49.04%, 96.16% had not had any chance to receive treatment, vaccine or immunoglobulin. Among the exposed persons, 89.95% received treatment on wounds and 94.93% were immunized, and 8.56% received immunoglobulin. 94.86% of them accomplished the full rabies post-exposure prophylaxis course, but 8.56% of them did not accomplish it. 88.50% of the cases and 92% of the persons under exposure were bitten by dogs. The density of dogs was 3.20-13.37 per 100 persons. The vaccination coverage rates among dogs were 5.31% -75.11% with a positive rate of 2.93 % -6.40%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Factors as: low rate of post-exposure prophylaxis and failed to have finished the necessary post-exposure treatment (PET) of the cases, nonstandard PET in hospital or local clinic, low rabies vaccination coverage and high infectivity of rabies virus in animal host (mainly for dog) might be responsible for rabies epidemics in China, in 2005.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Humans , Bites and Stings , China , Epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks , Population Surveillance , Post-Exposure Prophylaxis , Rabies , Epidemiology , Rabies VaccinesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To ascertain the causation of a pregnant woman with undefined pneumonia reported from the People's Hospital of Tongling city in Anhui province on November 2005.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Epidemiological and clinical information of the case was collected from the keypersons close to the case and referring to the medical record. A medical observation was carried out on the close contacts of the case and sick or dead poultry. Tracheal aspirates being collected were tested by both RT-PCR and real-time PCR to detect viral nucleic acids of A/H5N1, and were inoculated into special pathogen free (SPF) embryonated hens' eggs.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The pregnant woman was found to have been contacted with the sick/dead poultry directly on the 4th day before onset of illness. All the 122 close contacts were healthy after a 10-day medical observation. The major clinical features of the case were viral pneumonia with rapidly developed leukopenia and lymphopenia. The progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction syndromes was found at clinical presentation. HA and NA gene of A/H5N1 virus were positive. The 8 gene fragments of A/Anhui/1/2005 (H5N1) isolated from the tracheal aspirates had not carried genes from a human virus through reassortment, and the receptor-binding site of the hemagglutinin was polybasic cleavage site.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This was the first documented case of H5N1 infection in pregnant woman. The immunotolerant state of pregnancy might have predisposed to the fatal outcome of the patient.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , China , Fatal Outcome , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype , Genetics , Influenza, Human , Pathology , Multiple Organ Failure , Pneumonia , Virology , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Virology , Respiratory Distress Syndrome , Trachea , VirologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To discuss the importance of developing the capability and skills of communication in clinical pharmacy.METHODS: The method of communication in clinical pharmacy was introduced by combining the author's own work experience.RESULTS & CONCLUSION: The communication in clinical pharmacy work comprises the professional communication with physicians and nurses as well as the psychological communication with patients about medication.Assisted by clinician,clinical pharmacists' communication skills can be enhanced through improving their own expertise and psychological knowledge.The developing of communication ability is an important part in clinical pharmacy training.